 |
In this blog post by Kristian Bertel, we are learning about the Village life in India near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.
Read the background story of these blog photos by the photographer.
 |
Photo of a woman outside Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. This portrait of a local was taken in a village. Despite India's many urban centres, the nation is still overwhelmingly rural, with an estimated 75 percent of the population living in the countryside.
Village life in India
On the outskirts of Varanasi, Kristian Bertel searched for local people for his pictures. This woman was preparing some food with her red scarf around her head. She was looking directly into his camera. Curious and aware of the presence of the photographer, her eyes were telling more than words.
"India, a country renowned for its diversity, is a tapestry woven with threads of tradition, simplicity and community. Amidst the bustling cities and modern developments, the heart of India lies in its villages. Village life in India is a captivating journey into a world where time seems to slow down and the rhythm of life is attuned to the cycles of nature. Embark on a journey to explore the unique facets that define the charm of village life in this extraordinary country"
Community bonds in the village
One of the defining features of village life in India is the close connection with nature. Villages are often nestled amidst lush green fields, where farmers toil under the open sky, cultivating crops that sustain both the villagers and the surrounding landscapes. The air is filled with the scent of Earth and the sounds of birdsong, creating a serene backdrop for daily life. In Indian villages, the concept of community extends far beyond immediate family. Villagers form close-knit bonds with their neighbors, creating a support system that is the backbone of rural life. Celebrations and festivals are communal affairs, where everyone comes together to share laughter, joy and the richness of their cultural heritage.
Agriculture as a way of life
Agriculture is the lifeblood of Indian villages. Traditional farming methods coexist with modern techniques, and the agrarian calendar dictates the rhythm of daily life. Villagers engage in activities like sowing, harvesting and celebrating festivals that are intricately linked to the agricultural cycles, fostering a deep connection to the land. Village dwellings in India reflect simplicity and functionality. Mud-brick houses, often adorned with vibrant colors and traditional artwork, provide shelter and warmth. The lifestyle is unpretentious, emphasizing the importance of essentials over extravagance. This simplicity fosters a sense of contentment and gratitude for the small joys of life.
Cultural tapestry
Villages are repositories of India's diverse cultural heritage. Traditional art forms, folk music and dance are passed down through generations, preserving the essence of the country's rich history. Villagers proudly wear traditional attire and each village has its unique rituals and customs that contribute to the rich cultural tapestry of rural India. Village life, while idyllic, is not without its challenges. Limited access to education, healthcare and infrastructure poses obstacles to the well-being of rural communities. However, the resilience of villagers, coupled with the support of government initiatives and non-profit organizations, paints a narrative of hope and progress.
"In recent times, globalization has reached even the most remote villages, bringing both opportunities and challenges. Improved connectivity has facilitated access to markets and information, but it also raises concerns about preserving the unique cultural identity and traditional way of life that define Indian villages"
 |
Man bathing near his home in the village. Argueably the biggest issue to the public health in India is inadequate access to clean drinking water and proper sanitation. With the population set to doble in 45 years, agricultural, industrial and domestic water usage are all expected to spiral. Ground water is being removed at an uncontrolled rate, which will result in a drop of the supplies of drinking water.
A village on the outskirts of Varanasi
Varanasi is regarded as a holy city by Buddhists and Jains and is the holiest place in the world in Hinduism. The culture of Varanasi is closely associated with the Ganges River and the river's religious importance. The city has been a cultural and religious centre in North India for several thousand years. People live there in very easy conditions and have to work hard to earn money the travel photographer encountered. Many find work in their own fields, other craft trades such as pottery, blacksmithing or carpentry and some families also have a small business of their own with which to finance themselves. Not only the adults have to do a lot of hard work, but also the children often have to help for several hours at a young age. However, their duties are often to guard their own cows and goats. Despite all this, there is a lot of poverty in the villages in India, as can be seen from the fact that most of the houses are made entirely of clay and the inhabitants have only the bare necessities and these experiences were allowed. He also did it personally, as he had the opportunity to spend an entire day in an Indian village, far away from a big city and then to stay in a family spot. A big difference to the city was that it had much less noise and noise and there was a hectic rush and also the air was much more pleasant.
Color and character in India
Travel photography is a passion for the photographer, whose latest portraits from the Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh region of India are published in several series online. What he finds interesting is the cultural everyday life. Traditionally, Indian villages follow the 'Panchayat' or headman system, which offers equal opportunity to women and men to be a part of and contribute to the village administration. Village life in India is simple and the village folk not only dress simply, but also display simplicity in their meals and work life Kristian Bertel | Photography learned. In contrast to the abstract cultural homogeneity of a formal culture region, a functional culture region may not be culturally homogeneous. Instead, it is an area that has been organized to function politically, socially or economically as one unit such as a city, an independent state, a precinct, a church diocese or parish, a trade area or a farm. Functional culture regions have nodes or central points where the functions are coordinated and directed, such as in villages. In that sense, functional regions also possess a core-periphery configuration, in common with formal culture regions. Many functional regions have clearly defined borders that include all land under the jurisdiction of a particular urban government that is clearly delineated on a regional map by a line distinguishing between one jurisdiction and another. A cultural region, cultural sphere, cultural area or culture area refers to a geography with one relatively homogeneous human activity or complex of activities and cultural spheres of influence may also overlap or form concentric structures of macrocultures encompassing smaller local cultures. Different boundaries may also be drawn depending on the particular aspect of interest, such as religion and folklore.
In the villages color is also seen and it is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans and in villages and Hindu artists use color on the deities and their dresses signifying their qualities. Proper use of colors creates an environment, which should keep a person cheerful. Some of the main colors used in religious ceremonies are red, yellow in a turmeric style, green from leaves, white from wheat flour. Colors with special importance include red, which signals sensuality and purity and it is often seen on brides at wedding ceremonies. Turmeric is a spice that comes from the turmeric plant and it is commonly used in Asian food and you probably know turmeric as the main spice in curry. It has a warm, bitter taste and is frequently used to flavor or color curry powders, mustards, butters and cheeses.
 |
Photo of the Varuna River. The Varuna River is a minor tributary of the Ganges River. It is named after the god Varuna.
"Uttar Pradesh, the heartland of India, is a state steeped in history, culture and diversity. Beyond the bustling cities and historical landmarks, the villages of Uttar Pradesh unfold a tale of traditional charm, agricultural abundance and a vibrant tapestry of customs. Embark on a journey to discover the enchanting villages that contribute to the rich cultural landscape of this northern Indian state"
Agricultural abundance
Uttar Pradesh's villages are often characterized by expansive fields of wheat, rice, sugarcane and more. Agriculture is the lifeblood of these communities and the agrarian landscape is a sight to behold, especially during the sowing and harvesting seasons. The state's fertile plains make it a crucial contributor to India's agricultural wealth. The architecture of villages in Uttar Pradesh reflects a blend of tradition and practicality. Mud-brick houses with thatched roofs, adorned with intricate designs and vibrant colors, create a picturesque scene. These traditional dwellings stand as a testament to the cultural roots and architectural heritage of the region. Uttar Pradesh is known for its lively and colorful festivals and the villages are no exception. Villagers come together to celebrate festivals like 'Holi', 'Diwali' and 'Eid' with unmatched enthusiasm. The air is filled with the sounds of traditional music and dance, creating an atmosphere of joy and camaraderie.
Many villages in Uttar Pradesh are situated near sacred rivers like the Ganges and Yamuna, making them centers of spirituality. Pilgrims often visit these villages, seeking solace and connection with their faith. The villages near iconic pilgrimage sites like Varanasi and Ayodhya hold a special place in the religious fabric of the state.
Cultural heritage in the villages
Uttar Pradesh boasts a rich cultural heritage, and its villages play a crucial role in preserving and transmitting this legacy. Traditional art forms, handicrafts, and folk music are passed down through generations, keeping alive the unique identity of each village. Some villages in Uttar Pradesh are living museums, showcasing historical landmarks and architectural wonders. From ancient temples and mosques to traditional stepwells, these villages provide a glimpse into the region's storied past. The village of Chunar, for instance, is famous for its fort that has witnessed centuries of history.
Like many rural areas, Uttar Pradesh's villages face challenges such as limited access to education, healthcare and infrastructure. However, ongoing government initiatives and the efforts of non-profit organizations aim to address these issues and uplift the quality of life in rural communities. In recent years, globalization and technological advancements have touched even the remotest villages in Uttar Pradesh. Improved connectivity, access to information and market opportunities have brought about changes in the traditional way of life. Villagers are adapting to these shifts while striving to retain the essence of their cultural identity.
Village life in India in general
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas like in this blog post with the photos near Varanasi, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighborhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings, however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement. In the past, villages were a usual form of community for societies that practise subsistence agriculture and also for some non-agricultural societies.
The Industrial Revolution attracted people in larger numbers to work in mills and factories, the concentration of people caused many villages to grow into towns and cities. This also enabled specialization of labour and crafts and development of many trades. As the photographer has seen, the trend of urbanization continues, though not always in connection with industrialization.
"Villages have been eclipsed in importance as units of human society and settlement. Although many patterns of village life have existed, the typical village was small, consisting of perhaps 5 to 30 families. Homes were situated together for sociability and defence and land surrounding the living quarters was farmed. Traditional fishing villages were based on artisan fishing and located adjacent to fishing grounds"
 |
Activities at the banks of the Varuna River. In Hindu mythology, Varuna continued to be considered the god of all forms of the water element, particularly the oceans. Rivers are also affected by the runoff as mentioned earlier in this blog post. And the Ganges, which also flows to the Varuna, is among the most polluted rivers on Earth.
The approach in his India photography
When the photographer is working on location in India he always exercises sensitivity when taking photos of people, especially of women. "- My generally philosophy is to strive to be original in my approach to taking pictures. My aim is to tell a story and to make the viewer connect or identity with that particular image. It could be anything, from a young woman with a striking, haunting face, to idle landscapes in remote regions of Uttar Pradesh. I think that there is beauty in the most mundane things – it is reavealing that is the key. It is all about making my ideas for a photo happen and to photograph with respect", the photographer says.
History of Uttar Pradesh in India
Long time ago Uttar Pradesh was associated with two new religions with Jainism and Buddhism. It was at Sarnath that Buddha preached his first sermon and laid the foundations of his order and it was in Kushinagar in Uttar Pradesh, where Buddha breathed his last. Several centres in Uttar Pradesh like Ayodhya, Prayag, Varanasi and Mathura became reputed centres of learning and in the medieval period, Uttar Pradesh passed under Muslim rule and led the way to new synthesis of Hindu and Islamic cultures. The state preserved its intellectual excellency even under the British administration, where they combined Agra and Oudh into one province and called it 'United Provinces of Agra' and 'Oudh' and the name was shortened to the 'United Provinces' in 1935 and in 1950, the 'United Provinces' was renamed as Uttar Pradesh. The state is bounded by the states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh as well as Nepal in the north, Haryana in the west, Madhya Pradesh in the south and Bihar in the east.
Uttar Pradesh are two distinct regions
As a phtographer and traveler in this region one can see that Uttar Pradesh can be divided into two distinct regions, Southern hills and Gangetic plain. Uttar Pradesh is one place with risky drivers having no understanding of the lanes on the road whatsoever. You can, however, still find very decent drivers amongst such a mess and the only way to glide through swiftly amidst the intense network of roads of Uttar Pradesh is if you have an experienced driver with a lot of patience. It is advised that a tourist traveling here for the first time you should not be scared, the roads of Uttar Pradesh will not be your worst experience in India, but a little precaution and investment will leave you beautiful memories of a lifetime.
Cuisine of the region in India
The cuisine consists of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes. Uttar Pradesh has been greatly influenced by Mughal cooking techniques. 'The Awadhi cuisine' of Uttar Pradesh bears similarities to those of Kashmir and Punjab and the state is famous for its 'Nawabi foods' of Lucknow and environs and use of mutton, 'Paneer' and rich spices including cardamom and saffron and it is most famous dishes with various mutton recipes. The 'Chaat', 'Samosa' and 'Pakora', among the most popular snacks in all of India, are also originally from Uttar Pradesh. 'Awadhi' is a type of West-Central Uttar Pradeshi cuisine found in the state's Awadh Region. 'Mughlai cuisine' is also integral to Western and Central Uttar Pradesh's cuisine and Varanasi is another city where people live for eating, but more famous for Hindu Vegetarian styles which include 'Chaat', 'Tikki', 'Kachori' and so on.
 |
A local day worker preparing straps for a rickshaw. Most rickshaw pullers in the Indian capital are migrant labourers who have come to the city in the hope of earning a living for their families in poverty-stricken rural areas.
Rickshaws in India
Rickshaws or rickshas are a mode of human-powered transport, where a runner draws a two-wheeled cart which seats one or two persons. Rickshaws are commonly made with bamboo. The word 'Rickshaw' came from Asia where they were mainly used as means of transportation for the social elite. In recent times the use of rickshaws has been discouraged or outlawed in many countries due to concern for the welfare of rickshaw workers. A cycle-rickshaw is a pedal cycle with two rear wheels, supporting a bench seat for passengers. Most have a canopy that can be raised in wet weather, of lowered to provide extra space for luggage. Most of the big cities have passed out the cycle-rickshaw, but they are still the main means of local transport in many smaller towns. As with taxis and auto-rickshaws, fares must be agreed upon in advance. Locals invariably pay lower fares than foreigners, but considering the effort put in by the rickshaw-wallahs, it is hard to begrudge them a fem extra rupees.
 |
Some of the village houses are made of bricks in this village in Uttar Pradesh. Known as 'UP', and often refered to as the cow belt or Hindu belt, India's most populated state covers the vast, sprawling plain of northern India.
India's rural houses
Many of the rural poor work the fields in agriculture and are employed by the few landowners who reside in their villages. Huts are usually constructed from mud blocks, roofs are thatched and the floors are covered with a mud and cow-dung paste that serves as a disinfectant. Houses supplied by the government are constructed with cement blocks or bricks, the floor is cement and the roof is made of concrete or asbestos. Usually there is only one room in the house, but in some cases a half-wall may be built to separate out the kitchen.
Uttar Pradesh and agriculture
Uttar Pradesh has the largest population of nearly 167 million. It is also the 5th largest state in terms of land area and the western plain is the most urban region. Agriculture is the most important section of the economy in 'UP', employing about 3/4 of the work force. Uttar Pradesh has the largest production of food grain and oil seeds in India. In addition, Uttar Pradesh ranks the first in the production of wheat, maize, barley, gram, sugar cane and potatoes. The three most important industries of 'UP' are sugar, cotton fabrics and diversified food preparations. Goods carrier equipment, photostat machines, chemicals, polyester fiber and steel tube galvanized sheets are the other industries of Uttar Pradesh. The 'Kathak' dance style, the most popular classical dance form in India, is nourished in Uttar Pradesh. Today, foreign countries have also learned this elegant dance form to perfection and the countryside songs and dances are significant traits of local culture.
"Uttar Pradesh is famous for handicrafts such as carpet weaving, hand printing, 'Chikan'a type of embroidery, metal enameling, brocade and brass and ebony work. Uttar Pradesh also has the biggest brass and copperware manufacture area in India. The history of the State of Uttar Pradesh is very ancient and interesting. It is recognised in the later Vedic Age as 'Brahmarshi desha' or 'Madhya desha'. Many great sages of the Vedic times like 'Bharadwaja', 'Gautam', 'Yagyavalkya', 'Vasishta', 'Vishwamitra' and 'Valmiki' flourished in this state. Several sacred books of the Aryans were also composed here and two great epics of India, Ramayana and Mahabharata, appear to have been inspired by Uttar Pradesh"
 |
A mother is bathing her child. Villagers begin the day with baths in the makeshift baths and eat only after worship at home and at the village temple. The women in the village are wearing 'Saris'. Indian fashion varies from one village to another village, from one city to another city. India's fashion heritage is rich in tradition, vibrant in colors and prepossessing.
Family life in India
Hindu attitudes towards family life can appear ambivalent, in which one loses all sense of spiritual direction and becomes hopelessly entrapped in an illusion. Other scriptural passages glorify responsible family life as the backbone of the Varnashrama-dharma society. Ideologically, these two poles are reconciled within the notion of the 'Grihasta', which means household also known as 'Ashram', based on the principle that material facilities can be utilised to cultivate spirituality and detachment. Many popular traditions hold that the spiritual merit attained within 'Sannyasa' can also be achieved by properly executing household duties. The basic building block of Hindu society is the joint or extended family, usually consisting of three of four generations living together.
"The women collectively cook and share domestic responsibilities and the men provide the pooled income. Elders take important decisions and, based on their own experience in life, offer guidance to younger members. Within the family, property usually passes from father to son and men make many of the decisions, though older ladies carry considerable influence"
When women marry, they usually join their husband's family, though maintaining contact with their own. Hindu families demonstrate firm ties of affection, strikingly different from many Western families. Hindu scripture has elaborately defined the dynamics of the various relationships within families. For instance, a grandchild can tease and joke with a grandparent in a familiar way, not permissible with the father or mother. The different relatives are given specific terms of address, unlike the west where 'Aunt' or 'Uncle' refers to a whole host of relatives and family friends. The extended family traditionally provides shelter and support for the elderly, the disabled and the less well off.
Children are expected to repay the debt owed to their parents by supporting them in their retirement and old age. An important aspect of Hindu family life is the inter-dependence between members. Marriage itself is a broad social and religious obligation, rather than just a relationship between partners. The extended family provides considerable practical and emotional support, as for instance when children are born. One advantage is that marriage stability is not inordinately reliant on the state of the couple's emotional ties. Despite these possible benefits, social trends indicate that the extended family is becoming less popular, especially outside India. Young couples often value the freedom that the nuclear family offers. They are also adopting other aspects of the Western lifestyle. TV is becoming more popular than worship and is certainly strongly influencing family values.
The enduring beauty of a life rooted in tradition
Village life in India is a celebration of simplicity, community and a harmonious coexistence with nature. As the world hurtles towards a more interconnected and fast-paced future, the villages of India stand as a testament to the enduring beauty of a life rooted in tradition. The challenge lies in finding a delicate balance between embracing progress and preserving the timeless essence of village life – a delicate dance that will determine the future of these idyllic havens.
The villages of Uttar Pradesh are more than just geographic entities – they are living repositories of India's diverse cultural heritage. As the state marches towards progress and development, the challenge lies in preserving the intrinsic charm and traditions that define these villages. Each village in Uttar Pradesh whispers stories of tradition, spirituality and resilience, weaving a narrative that adds depth and richness to the cultural fabric of this vibrant state.
Traveling with a camera
Kristian Bertel is a passionated travel photographer, who photograph life as he sees it through his lens. The work mostly consist of portraits, like in this blog post a portrait of the life in a village. "- To travel broadens my view of the world, where I get an insight look of how life is in different parts of the world", he says. His images from India have been shown online as photo essays – documenting many aspects of the daily life particularly in India. His photographic work consists of portraits of village life in India, like in this blog post with pictures from a village just outside the city of Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, India. He works as a travel photographer and he is available for editorial and travel assignments all over India. For further information and inquiries please:
Contact the photographer
More photographs from India
If you are interested to see more photos and imagery from India, you can see one of the slideshows, which also appears on the photographer's website.
See the slideshow | press here
Travel Directory of Asia - free online catalog of relevant and useful web sites. Free submit a site to Asia web directory and link exchange.
| Tweet |